Infrastructure and Rural - Urban Development. - 5083 Words

Introduction Infrastructures are basic essential services that should be put in place to enable development to occur. Socio-economic development can be facilitated and accelerated by the presence of social and economic infrastructures. If these facilities and services are not in place, development will be very difficult and in fact can be likened to a very scarce commodity that can only be secured at a very high price and cost. Nigeria Public spending have been geared towards the provision of infrastructures and social services such as schools, hospitals, electricity, water supply etc, while economic activities such as deliberately establishing manufacturing and processing industries†¦show more content†¦Justifying the functional superiority of theories as guide post in all field of human endeavour, Onah(2003) argued that rather than base actions on judgment derived from guesswork or speculations, theories enables a chosen line of action to be anchored in and guided by evidence derived from specific scientific research which makes the consequences of such action fall in line with the intended direction as possible. In this paper, we anchor the effects of infrastructure on urban/rural development in the work of John Maynard Keynes, etc, before taking a look on selected sectors. One of the first systematic attempts to link infrastructure indirectly to poverty reduction was made by John Maynard Keynes in 1936. In The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money, Keynes argues that in an economy characterized by depression and market failure, high public expenditure is necessary to adjust the economy back to high levels of employment. This implies that high public investment in social and economic infrastructure would increase national income, employment and the welfare of people. This theory could be of practical importance in developing countries where the bulk of investment in infrastructure is owned and financed by government, and market mechanisms do not function properly. In these countries almost 70 per cent of infrastructure investments areShow MoreRelatedUrban Development And Urban Areas960 Words   |  4 PagesThis is the process by which the people are migrating from the rural area to urban area for the searching the employment opportunities. In the processes increases the number of people living in the cities among those people who are living in the rural areas. In the process the day to day become a number of the people increased those who are migrating from the rural area to urban areas. Most of the people are migrating from the rural to urban because of good quality of facilities provided by the StateRead MoreThe Construction Of The British Indian Urban Scene1448 Words   |  6 PagesBritish to the Indian urban scene were: the Establishment of three metropolitan port cities of Mumbai (Bombay), Kolkata (Calcutta) and Chennai (Madras) Beginning of a chain of hill stations in the Himalayan region and in South India. Eg - Shimla, ooty, Dehradun etc. the modification of the existing cities with the introduction of civil lines and cantonments. Eg - Agra, Meerut etc. The introduction of railways and modem industry. Eg - Dhanbad, Jamshedpur etc. the up-gradation in urban amenities and administrationRead MoreEssay on Urban bias as a major impediment to rural development1594 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Urban bias has been presented as a major impediment to rural development because it perpetrates discriminatory policies which create and perpetuate disparities between urban and rural areas and consequently the development of urban areas at the expense of rural areas. This paper examines how urban bias, to a large extent, is the major impediment to rural development owing to its skewed policies and to down development approaches. Urban bias proponents, chief among them Lipton (1977), argue thatRead MoreUrban Development : The Asian Pacific Region1740 Words   |  7 PagesTopic 2 : URBAN DEVELOPMENT â€Å"The (Asian and Pacific) region remains host to over half of the world’s slum population...At the same time, the percentage of urban population living in slums (these are households with no durable housing, insufficient living area, no access to water nor sanitation) has skyrocketed since 1990 and reached 30.6 per cent in 2010 (about 500 million people). Poverty is now growing faster in urban than in rural areas.† STATEMENT OF THE ISSUE The Asian-Pacific region is uniqueRead MoreUrban Sprawl : Urban City Of Edmonton1541 Words   |  7 PagesUrban sprawl is a concept that describes the spread of human populations from the major cities or urban areas into the low-density rural communities. Several factors are attributed to cause urban sprawl, such as lower land rates in rural areas, improved infrastructure, lack of effective urban planning, rise of population growth in the cities, and consumer preferences among others. Urban sprawl is considered to present significant benefits to individuals. For example, access of cheap land, betterRead MoreGovernment Initiatives For Rural Marketing1727 Words   |  7 PagesGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES IN SUPPORT OF RURAL MARKETING Shipra Bansal Assistant Professor GGDSD College Sector- 32 C, Chandigarh (U.T.) Mob. No- 91-90347-69035 Email: shiprabansal88@gmail.com Dr. Yash Pal Taneja Assistant Professor GGDSD College Sector- 32 C, Chandigarh (U.T.) Mob. No. 91-97797-77200 E- mail: dryash.pal@gmail.com Abstract About three-fourth of the total population resides in the rural areas and having such large population in rural area, the need was arise for Government toRead MoreUrbanization in India1258 Words   |  5 Pagesthis will deplete its available resources, and lead to economic, social, and environmental challenges (Hardoy, Diana, Satterthwaite, 2001). Although India’s physical expansion has already led to many such challenges, the optimism of economic development in its cities, and the hope for welfare, persists in many economists. If â€Å"handled well, India can reap significant benefits from urbanization. MGI offers a range of recommendations, the vast majority of which India could implement within five toRead MoreMalawi Essays1495 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic development with an annual income per person of only US$170. The vast majority of the population live in the rural areas as there are only 14% of urban areas in Malawi. Malawi is an example of an area with low levels of development and large rural areas and therefore relies on agriculture for its economic growth. The table below shows the relationship between low levels of development and large rural areas. Country GNI/Capita (Wealth) Urban Rural Read MoreExamples Of Major Employment Generation Schemes926 Words   |  4 Pagesunemployed graduates and diploma holders by enabling them to setup workshops, repairing and hiring facilities7 Rural Works Programme (RWP- 1970-71): An employment oriented programme to build lasting civil works such as soil conservation, roads construction, afore station to alleviate paucity conditions and to encourage incorporated development in drought affected areas8. Crash Scheme for Rural Employment (CSRE-1971): The purpose of the scheme is to take up projects of long-lasting temperament like MinorRead MoreThe Plan For Public Health And Safety1733 Words   |  7 Pagesrideshares and the metro. The plan for Municipal Services and Facilities includes levels of service, water facilities, flood control and drainage, wastewater facilities, solid waste management, and coordination of public services. The Plan for Economic Development and Vitality includes the creation/retention of local employment, provision of municipal revenue-generating land uses, the changing role of downtown Lancaster, establishment of Lancaster as a center for regional activities, and financing public